Thursday, September 27, 2012

Ben Franklin and the Philosopher's Stone

 




 So, I was reading "The Way To Wealth" by Benjamin Franklin and came across an anecdote that I really liked.  He wrote "Get what you can, and what you get hold; 'Tis the stone that will turn all your lead into gold."  This is obviously a reference to the philosopher's stone.  The definition according to Wikipedia follows.


The philosopher's stone (Latin: lapis philosophorum) is a legendary alchemical substance said to be capable of turning base metals (lead, for example) into gold (chrysopoeia) or silver. It was also sometimes believed to be an elixir of life, useful for rejuvenation and possibly for achieving immortality. For many centuries, it was the most sought-after goal in Western alchemy. The philosopher's stone was the central symbol of the mystical terminology of alchemy, symbolizing perfection at its finest, enlightenment, and heavenly bliss. Efforts to discover the philosopher's stone were known as the Magnum Opus.[1]
 
                                                                    
Of course, the stone is probably the most well known today, at least for Americans, as the sorcerer's stone in the Harry Potter books
by J. K. Rowling.
 
We haven't exactly had a tradition of alchemy in this country, and anyway, alchemy had pretty much died out by the time North America was settled.
In case any of you are wondering, one definition of  alchemy in the New English Dictionary is
"a form of chemistry and speculative philosophy practiced in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and concerned principally with discovering methods for transmuting baser metals into gold and with finding a universal solvent and an elixir of life."
 
Of course, Franklin wasn't writing about this stone.
Ben Franklin's alchemy was all about saving money.  Who needs a substance to turn lead into gold when you can turn pennies into gold just by socking them away?  Which brings me to to the second definition of alchemy according to the New English Dictionary, which is "any magical power or process of transmuting a common substance, usually of little value, into a substance of great value."  This definition definitely applies to Ben's idea.  I can say that because to me (a world-class shoe shopper) saving money is magical.  While reading this I started wondering if there were any modern day nuts out there who were still trying to make the philosopher's stone, and so I looked it up on you tube.  Out of the many that I watched (I couldn't help it; I was amazed that people would still even try), the following is by far my favorite.  It's short, so check it out.  I think Ben Franklin would approve.
 
 



 
 

Tuesday, September 18, 2012

The Historical Leniency of Homosexual Relations

     When I was reading John Smith's writings from the third book, I came across something peculiar.  Smith states that "...a daily portion of biscuit, which the sailors would pilfer to...exchange with us for money...or love."  I have to imagine that this statement is referring to homosexual relationships, as they were all men, obviously.  I have grown up in a time when the military has had a "don't ask, don't tell" policy about gays in the navy, army, etc.  I can remember seeing on the news how soldiers had been dishonorably discharged as a direct result of their sexual orientation.  I have even heard stories about drastic measures taken by government officials to "weed out" homosexual soldiers.

                                                   Franklin D. Roosevelt
                                            http://www.omg-facts.com/view/Facts/49767

Only in the past few years have equal rights been extended to gay citizens and their partners.  Historically, however, homosexual relationships have been excepted as commonplace.  In the ruling classes of old Europe, espescially, homosexuality was considered the "cool" thing to be doing.  Many military leaders of the past had gay lovers, such as Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar.

                                                                     Julius Caesar
 
Alexander the Great
by Rembrandt
 
So although I was shocked by this, homosexual tendencies have historically been overlooked.  When you take a bunch of men and ship them far from home with no food and no women to entertain them, I guess that sometimes happens.  However, many prominent figures have either been bisexual or had plenty of access to food and women.  I think it is interesting that for centuries, sexual orientation did not matter much (consider the Greek and Roman cultures, for instance.  See link).  Only in America was homosexuality something to be ashamed of.
 

Tuesday, September 4, 2012

Discovering the Americas

     What is it about Europeans (and by this I mean white people in general) that makes them think they are so superior?  I was recently watching an episode of Hell on Wheels (AMC - a really excellent show if any of you ever get a chance to see it) in which a conversation takes place between the Indian Chief of a local tribe and a pioneer trying to build a railroad.  The pioneer tells the Indians that they are here to offer the Indians a better life; to give them food and land in exchange for their cooperation.  To which the Chief replies "better than what?  I have food and land and a comfortable living.  You cannot give us something that is already ours.  Are you God?  Do you own everything you see?"
     A lesson may be taken from this.  Coming from a Native American heritage myself, it is always hard for me to read abouth the conquest of the Americas.  Throughout history, Europeans have automatically assumed that their ways are the best ways.  Las Casas, though his heart was in the right place, was no different in this than the tyrants he railed against for the killing of the natives.  In his case, his religion was better.  To Columbus (whom I personally think was a fool that should NOT have a holiday dedicated to him) everything about the Indians was inferior.  From their clothing to their sleeping arrangements, they were poor, ignorant people meant to be taken advantage of, people who would trade gold for broken glass.
    Just once, I would really love to see what would happen from a white man's perspective if Europeans were treated the same way.  They say what comes around goes around.  So watch out, all you white people!!!  Interest has been building on this account for a very long time.
     The lesson?  Our ways are not always the best ways.  Just because someone doesn't dress or worship or live like we do does not make them inferior in any way.  And this is something just about everyone I have ever met could work on.